![]() She was a mutt, given the name ZIB, the Russian acronym for "Substitute for Missing Dog Bobik." The two dogs reached 100 kilometers and returned successfully. One of the two dogs, Bobik, escaped and a replacement was found near the local canteen. On September 15, 1951, the sixth of the two-dog launches occurred. However, in the same month, the fifth test launch of two dogs was successful. The fourth test launch was a failure, with two dog fatalities. She returned a day later and the test flight resumed successfully. The crew was worried that wolves that lived nearby would eat her. Smelaya ran off the day before the launch. Shortly afterwards, Smelaya ("Bold") and Malyshka ("Little One") were launched. Korolev was devastated by the loss of these dogs. The dogs died but a data recorder survived. This second early Russian dog flight was unsuccessful. In early September 1951, Dezik and Lisa were launched. These two were the first canine suborbital astronauts. On August 15, 1951, Dezik and Tsygan ("Gypsy") were launched. Of these early space-bound hounds, a few have been remembered by name. Each flight carried a pair of dogs in hermetically sealed containers that were recovered by parachute. They chose females because of the relative ease of controlling waste.Ä«etween 19, the Soviet R-1 series rockets carried nine dogs altogether, with three dogs flying twice. A test with two dogs would allow for more accurate results. Dogs were chosen over monkeys because it was felt that they would be less fidgety in flight. Eventually they chose small dogs for this phase of testing. They needed to gather data to design a cabin to carry a human being into space. Basing their experiments on American biomedical research, Soviet rocket pioneer Sergei Korolev, his biomedical expert Vladimir Yazdovsky, and a small team used mice, rats and rabbits as one-way passengers for their initial tests. was doing with their V-2 and Aerobee missile projects during the early 1950's. The Soviets kept close tabs on what the U.S. Patricia died of natural causes about two years later and Mike died in 1967, both at the National Zoological Park in Washington, DC. The section containing the animals was recovered safely from the upper atmosphere by parachute. They were inside a slowly rotating drum where they could "float" during the period of weightlessness. ![]() Also on this flight were two white mice, Mildred and Albert. Fired 36 miles up at a speed of 2000 mph, these two monkeys were the first primates to reach such a high altitude. ![]() Patricia was placed in a seated position and Mike in a prone position to determine differences in the effects of rapid acceleration. On May 22, 1952, two Philippine monkeys, Patricia and Mike, were enclosed in an Aerobee nose section at Holloman Air Force Base. ![]() Yorick got a fair amount of press as the first monkey to live through a space flight. On September 20, 1951, a monkey named Yorick and 11 mice were recovered after an Aerobee missile flight of 236,000 feet at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. It was a successful flight, with no ill effects on the monkey until impact, when it died. Albert IV, a rhesus monkey attached to monitoring instruments, was the payload. On December 12, 1949, the last V-2 monkey flight was launched at White Sands. On August 31, 1950, another V-2 was launched and carried an unanaesthetized mouse that was photographed in flight and did not survive impact. On June 14, 1949, a second V-2 flight carrying a live Air Force Aeromedical Laboratory monkey, Albert II, attained an altitude of 83 miles. Lack of fanfare and documentation made Albert an unsung hero of animal astronauts. On June 11, 1948, a V-2 Blossom launched into space from White Sands, New Mexico carrying Albert I, a rhesus monkey. American and Russian scientists utilized animals - mainly monkeys, chimps and dogs - in order to test each country's ability to launch a living organism into space and bring it back alive and unharmed. For several years, there had been a serious debate among scientists about the effects of prolonged weightlessness. Before humans actually went into space, one of the prevailing theories of the perils of space flight was that humans might not be able to survive long periods of weightlessness. ![]()
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